barû I

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Meanings:
to see, look at, examine
de:German: Deutsch sehen, betrachten, untersuchen
fr:French: Français voir, regarder, examiner
Distribution: APAP: Attested in all periods
Domain: Perception; divination
Grammar:
pos: v.Verbroot: brjIII/j (tertiae infirmae) – i/ii/i class (Present i, Preterite i)stem: GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem), GtGt-stem (G with t-infix), GtnGtn-stem (G with tan-infix, iterative), DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive), DtDt-stem (D with t-infix), ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem)
Logogram: IGI.KÁR, IGI, IGI.TAB
Etymology: Inherited According to EDA 1, 216 no. P0363, the verb is not related to Hebr. həbrōr “to see, to make out” (as stated in previous scholarship, e.g. HSED 222). No Semitic cognates are known.
1 Lexical

OB-LexOB-Lex: Old Babylonian lexical texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) u₆ e = ba-ru-ú MSL SS 1, 24 iv 43 (Sag) DCCLT. new

21. GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem)

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) DN ap⸢kallu⸣ (mimma) libbi ilī i-bar-ri Ludlul I 31 eBL “DN, the sag[e], sees (what is in) the heart of the gods”. sim. Ludlul I 29 (bēlu ap[kallu? (mimma) lib]bi ilī i-bar-ri).

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ajjûmma ša ina šāt mūši ib-ru-u (∥ [i]b-⸢ru⸣-ú) bi-[ra] Ludlul III 39 eBL “anyone who/whoever(?) performed div[ination] during the middle of the night(?)”.

22. GtGt-stem (G with t-infix)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) awātam ana bi-it-r[i]-i-[im] AbB 13, 110: 19 ARCHIBAB “in order to consider the matter thoroughly(?)”. new

MB-LitMB-Lit: Middle Babylonian literary texts GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) urḫī bi-it-ri AulaOr. Suppl. 23, 33: 29 “watch my path!”

43. DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) UD 15 ina mūšim kīma awātam an[nītam] ú-ba!-ar-ru-n[im?] ARM 26/1, 93 no. 8: 12 “on the day 15th, in the night, when they announced to me this matter,...”

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) OB šūtam bu-re-⸢e⸣-š[u-um?] ... inanna bēlī ana bu-r[e-e] PN u mārī ālim dannātim lišpuram FM 8, 84 no. 25: 15 “notify h[im] of what is his (duty)! ... now may my lord, in order to notify PN and the inhabitants of the town, give firm orders”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) [..]. lu-bar-ri-ka (∥ lu-ba-ri-[ka]) Counsels of Wisdom: A+66 eBL “let me appraise you [...]!”

NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) kētu anāku lā ú-bar-ri lā aqabbâššunu bēt šarru bēlī išapparšanuni SAA 15, 4: 14 SAAo “truly, I have not disclosed nor told them where the king, my lord, is sending them”. also ú-bar-r[a…] in broken context in SAA 15, 61 r. 3’. new

14. DtDt-stem (D with t-infix)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DtDt-stem (D with t-infix) šumma šāpirī iqabbī li-ib-te-er-ri-šu-nu-ši-im-ma ṣibit ṭēmim liršû AbB 13, 37: 32 ARCHIBAB “if my superior gives the order, it should be announced to them, so that they will take action”. new

15. ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem)

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) ina bitakkî šu-ub-ra-a (∥ šub-ra-a) īnāja Ludlul I 109 eBL “my eyes showed (to be) crying constantly”. See differently the interpretation in Streck 2013, 220 as Š-stem derivation from parû “to vomit.”

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