ḫesû

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Variant: ḫasû
Meanings:
to exert pressure
de:German: Deutsch Druck ausüben
Distribution: OB onward(s)OB onward(s): Old Babylonian onwards (ca. 2000 BCE onwards), NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE)
Grammar:
pos: v.Verbroot: ḫsjIII/j (tertiae infirmae) – i/ii/i class (Present i, Preterite i)stem: GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem), DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive), DtDt-stem (D with t-infix), ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix)
Etymology: Inherited Cf. Aram. ʿsj (also ʿšj, ʿṣj) “to press, pound”, see Sokoloff 2002, 873; Sokoloff 1992, 413. See also Hebr. ʿšh (II) “pressen, kneten”, see Gesenius 645.
3 Lexical
Lexical Lists

OB-LexOB-Lex: Old Babylonian lexical texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) [ki]rₓ (KAxIM)- ḫa-az = ḫe-su-ú MSL SS 1, 20 ii 36 (Sag) DCCLT “to cover the [no]se = to cover”. new

Commentaries

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) (comm.) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) [G]AZ : ḫe-su-ú : GAZ : ṭepû * : DAB : ḫe-su-ú : DAB : kabās[u * ...] CunMon. 49/2, 139: 1 “[G]AZ (refers to?) to cover up (and) GAZ (refers also to?) to apply; DAB (refers to?) to cover up (and) DAB (refers also to?) to tread”. Commentary Sakikkû IV 1. Diff. Wee 2019, 139f. (reading ṭe-bu-ú: DAB : ḫe-su-ú: DAB : ka-ba-šu “GAZ means to submerge. DAB means to cover up. DAB means to put on a kubšu-cap.”) new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) (comm.) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ⸢te-eḫ⸣-si-ma : ana kabāsu .[..] CunMon. 49 2, 214 r. 7′. Commentary Sakikkû XI 121′. new

4GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem)

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) šumma ṣupra marṣa te-eḫ-s[i-ma ...] Sakikkû XI 121′ “if you cov[er up] the sick nail [and ...]”. Restoration according to the commentary Wee 2019, 214: r 7′. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) enūma iḫiṭṭušu qātīšu kīma ša kuṣṣu iṣbatušu i-ḫe-es-⸢si⸣ Sakikkû XXVI 34′ “when it overwhelms him, he covers his hands as if cold had seized him”. Corresponds to 43′f. in Heeßel 2000. new

NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ina maršāni ḫa-a-si SAA 10, 96 r. 10 SAAo “he was beaten with leather straps”. for the unexpected plene spelling of the stative see Leonhardt 2024, 34.

NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ḫa-si ina ḫisiʾāte mēt SAA 13, 157 r. 7 SAAo “he was beaten and died from the beatings”.

Discussion

In NA the word is only attested with the mng. “beat, mistreat” (Leonhardt 2024, 454).

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