nīʾālu

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Variant: nâlu
Meanings:
to lie down (to sleep)
de:German: Deutsch sich hinlegen (um zu schlafen)
fr:French: Français se coucher (pour dormir)
Distribution: OAkkOAkk: Old Akkadian (ca. 2350–2100 BCE), OAOA: Old Assyrian (ca. 1900–1700 BCE), OB onward(s)OB onward(s): Old Babylonian onwards (ca. 2000 BCE onwards), NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE)
Grammar:
pos: v.Verbroot: njlI/n; II/j (primae nūn, mediae infirmae) (pret. inīl , ināl ; pres. inâl , inêl ) stative: irregularIrregular stative (deviates from default PaRiS; actual form in note) ( nīl , but nāl in OA and Nuzi) stem: GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem), GtGt-stem (G with t-infix), DtDt-stem (D with t-infix), ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem), ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix)
Logogram: NÁ (or NÚ)
Etymology: Inherited Acc. to Kogan 2015, 297 fn. 844, the verb is derived from PS *lajlij (with dissimilation).
1 Lexical

SB-LexSB-Lex: Standard Babylonian lexical texts GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) bâtu = ú-tu-lu AOAT 50, 362 III 46 DCCLT “to spend the night = to lie down to sleep”. Previously read gêšu in CAD and AHw (now deleted, see also Streck 2017, 598).

111. GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ina libbika ni-il kalbum ni-il šaḫīʾum AML, 140: 57-59 SEAL “a dog lies in your heart, a boar lies (in it)”. new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) nubattam iskipū i-ni-lu! CUSAS 10, 5: 82 (Gilg.) eBL “at evening, the laid down (and) slept”. new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) malkū! g[ērû …] ⸢i!⸣-ni-lu MesCiv. 7, 13: 53 SEAL “the h[ostile] princes laid down”.

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) i-ti-li liṣallilūnikki AML, 46: 5 SEAL “lie (fem.) down! may they put you to rest!” new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) Gilgameš sakip ni-il CUSAS 10, 5: 1 (Gilg.) eBL “Gilgameš was lying down at rest”. new

MB-LitMB-Lit: Middle Babylonian literary texts GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) [er]ṣetūmma nišū i-ni-lu/lu₄ Šūpê-amēli, 98: 142 SEAL “people lie in the [un]derworld”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) at-til-ma ina šāt mūši šuttī pardat Ludlul I 54 eBL “when(ever) I laid down at night, my dream was frightening”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) eršaka ni-il CT 51, 108 ii 6 “lie down (on) your bed!” With accusative. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) majjāl zibni i-na-al-la K.2549: 5 eBL“he lies down on a bed (made) of a reed mat”. . With acc., see Deller/Mayer/Sommerfeld 1987, 199f. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) [ina] erši NÁ-al mamma ittīšu ul itammu Sakikkû XXIX 14 “he lies down on the bed (and) no one should speak to him”. Corresponds to 30–33 in Heeßel 2000. new

NANA: Neo Assyrian (ca. 1000–600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) li-ni-la SAA 2, 2 r. v 27 SAAo “may he lie down”. In broken context. new

22. GtGt-stem (G with t-infix)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) ina libbika nīl kalbum nīl šaḫīʾum atta i-ti-lam-ma AML, 140: 57-59 SEAL “a dog lies in your heart, a boar lies (in it). You, lay with me!” new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) urrī qâliš ul a-ti-lam Iraq 81, 242: 14 SEAL “throughout the days, I cannot rest quietly”. new

13. DtDt-stem (D with t-infix)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts DtDt-stem (D with t-infix) tu-ut-té-él šarram AfO 50, 15 ii 8 SEAL “she makes the king sleep”.

54. ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) ammīnim īnātišunu lā tu-úš-ni-il ARM 26/2, 25 no. 297: 20 “why did you not put their eyes to sleep?” Referring to the blinding of musicians. new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) šu-ni-il₅ … erēnam šīḫam Gilg. OB IM: 22 eBL “lay down the lofty cedar!”

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) marṣātu GN šu-nu-la-ak JAOS 103, 212: 1 eBL “you are grieved, GN, that I am prostrate”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) kīma kūbi tuš-na-al-šu-ma lumunšu ittabbal Sakikkû XXIX 1 “(if) you bury it (viz., the child born with sign of epilepsy) like a stillborn child, its evil (influence) will be carried away”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) uš-na-la-an-[ni] KAL 3, 74 b: 3 eBL “make me lay down”. in broken context.

15. ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix) ⸢uš⸣-ta-na-⸢al⸣ Finkel 2014, 363: 34 SEAL.

Discussion

The form i/utūlu, treated as a separate verb in older literature, is the regular Gt-stem. See Huehnergard 2002.

Cross-References
CAD
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AHw
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