ṣabātu

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Variant: MB-UgaritMB-Ugarit: Middle Babylonian texts from Ugarit (ca. 1500–1200 BCE) ṣabāṭu
Meanings:
to seize, take, hold
de:German: Deutsch packen, greifen, festhalten
fr:French: Français saisir, attraper, tenir fermement
Distribution: Ur III onward(s)Ur III onward(s): Ur III onwards (ca. 2100 BCE onwards), OA onward(s)OA onward(s): Old Assyrian onwards (ca. 1900 BCE onwards)
Grammar:
pos: v.Verbroot: ṣbtIII – a/aa/a class (Present a, Preterite a)stem: GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem), GtGt-stem (G with t-infix), GtnGtn-stem (G with tan-infix, iterative), DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive), DtDt-stem (D with t-infix), DtnDtn-stem (D with tan-infix, iterative), ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem), Št₁Št₁-stem (Š with t-infix), Št₂Št₂-stem (Š with t-infix), ŠtnŠtn-stem (Š with tan-infix, iterative), NN-stem (Reflexive/Passive stem), NtNt-stem (N with t-infix), NtnNtn-stem (N with tan-infix, iterative)
Logogram: DAB
Etymology: Inherited Note PSem. *ṣ̂bṭ “to seize, take hold of, catch”, see HALOT 997; Kogan 2015, 221. Cf. also Aram. ṣbt, ṣwt “to join together” (intrans.; note ṣabātu Gt), see Sokoloff 2017, 458; Sokoloff 2002, 951 and Syr./Aram. ṣbt “to prepare; (D) to adorn”, see Sokoloff 2009, 1273; Sokoloff 2002, 951.
61. GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) mê ana GN ⸢iṣ-ba⸣-tu-ma FM 1, 95: 5 “they took water for GN”. iṣ-ba-tu-šu-nu-ti ib. 36 “they kept it (the water)”. new

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ṣa-ab-tu šīrūšunu išātam karšūšunu šiwītam lamdū Zimrī-Līm Epic iii 19 SEAL “their bodies caught fire (and) their minds learned burning”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ⸢i⸣qūlūma ul īpulann[i] ⸢m⸣amman ⸢š⸣ūt išmûninni ⸢a⸣na ripittu iṣ-ṣab-t[u] Ludlul III 20 eBL “they were silent and nobody answered m[e] (and) those who heard me had begun to become restless”. Diff. Oshima 2014, 94f. (“‘I shall examine [those] who heard me.’”).

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ina Ḫubur iš⸢du⸣danni ina dannatī qa-ti iṣ-bat (var.: iṣ-ba-at) Ludlul V 9 eBL “he dragged me out of the (netherworld) river Ḫubur, he took my hand during my distress”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) ⸢DAB-su⸣ BagM 21, 474: 26. This remark is found on the top of the obv. of the stone tablet. Cf. also the scribal note saḫāru D at the bottom of the same tablet. Perhaps the note refers to fixing the (stone) tablet (cf. BagM 21, 474–476), viz. a slavish transcipt of the original by the stone carver.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) GG-stem (Grundstamm/Basic stem) karāšu ša ana 1 bēr pān šamê ṣab-tu RINAP 2, 453: 66 “the camp, which stretched (lit.: holds the surface of the sky) for (the distance of) one league”. In accordance with the translation in RINAP 2, 453 (“the camp which covered the sky for a distance of one league”) this unusual expression refers to the extent of the camp that can be crossed for a double-hour (or league) under the sky’s surface.

22. GtGt-stem (G with t-infix)

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) kappi īnīšu 2-TA.ÀM DAB.DAB Sakikkû III 55 “his eyelids are connected twice(?)”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) GtGt-stem (G with t-infix) kappi īnīšu DAB.DAB-tu šū u mūtu DAB.DAB-tu Sakikkû III 92 “his eyelids are connected – he and death are connected”. See also Sakikkû IV 112. new

33. DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive)

OBOB: Old Babylonian (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) aššum eleppētim ša ša šeʾam izabbilā atappātim ištū elēnūm ú-ṣa-ab-bi-tu-ma mû ippetûma … mû ibbatqū FM 1, 95: 8 “they ‘took’ the canals from above because of the ships that transport grain and the water was released … and the water was cut off”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) šēp šumēlišu DAB.DAB-ut Sakikkû XIII 125′ “his left foot is paralyzed”. new

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) — new attestation (not in AHw/CAD) DD-stem (Doubled stem/Intensive) šīnātūšu DAB.DA[B-ta₅ ...] Sakikkû XIV 136 “his urine is held ba[ck]”. new

44. ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) ša … ašar īnum lā immarušu puzram ú-ša-aṣ-ba-tu-šu BagM 34, 150: 11 “who(ever) hides it (viz. the stela), where no eye can see it”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) damīšunu kīma mê nāri ú-šá-aṣ-bit ḫarrānu RIMB 2, 297 ii 14 “I soaked the road (with) their blood as with river water”. see also RIMB 2, 302 ii 18 (restored); RIMB 2, 310 ii 19 (restored; var. [ḫar-ra]-⸢a⸣-ni).

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) ḫurāṣi ṣa-ri-ri ú-šá-aṣ-b[i-it] CUSAS 17, 77: 6 “he attached [… of/with] glittering gold”.

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠŠ-stem (Causative stem) [… ultu? qa]bal āli ušēridma kutallašu ú-šá-aṣ-bit JNES 78, 4: 10 RINAP “I brought down [from the cen]ter of the city and made (them) occupy its rear part”.

15. ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix)

SBSB: Standard Babylonian (ca. 1000–0 BCE) ŠtŠt-stem (Š with t-infix) ana puḫri ē taʾīr uzuzza ašar ṣāltimma ⸢ē⸣ [tuš-t]a-aṣ-bít (∥ tuttaggeš) Counsels of Wisdom: 33 eBL “do not come forward to stand at the (public) assembly! Do not [let (yourself) b]e caught (∥ frequent) where there is contention!”

16. Št₂Št₂-stem (Š with t-infix)

OB-LitOB-Lit: Old Babylonian literary texts Št₂Št₂-stem (Š with t-infix) uš-ta-aṣ-bi-it kiṣrīšu ina aḫ Ḫabur mūšamma ana panīšunu ebir Zimrī-Līm Epic iii 39 SEAL “he gathered his contingents on the bank of the Ḫabur-river and by night, he crossed (it) directly in front of them”.

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